The ANSI/NISO Z39.71 holdings display standard is a combination of two things: the conceptual holdings elements (officially called Data Areas), and nine principles for recording the holdings elements (officially called the Principles).
There are six Data Areas, or fields. A Data Area can sometimes be further subdivided into multiple subfields. These are officially referred to as Data Elements. The order of the Data Areas is not specified by the standard. However, within each Data Area, the order of the Data Elements is prescribed. The six Data Areas are:
For each piece of information given below, identify the Z39.71 data area and, where applicable, the data element. The first one has been completed for you as an example. The answers can be found in the Exercise answer key.
Information | Data area | Data element |
---|---|---|
Holdings 60% complete | General Holdings Area | Completeness Designator |
Library has more than one copy | ||
Subscription is no longer active | ||
Library retains last 5 years | ||
Library owns volumes 1 to 10 | ||
Library owns 1990-1999 |
Z39.71 lays out nine principles, or major concepts, that holding records need to adhere to.
Option A: Multiple bibliographic & holdings records. Create separate bibliographic records, one for each format. Then, create separate holdings records.
Option B: Create a single, bibliographic record. It may represent all formats, or it may represent just the paper. Then, create a single, composite holdings record.
Option C: Create a single, bibliographic record. It may represent all formats, or it may represent just the paper. Then, create multiple holdings records.
Level | Definition/Description | Example |
---|---|---|
1 |
Basic statement that the library holds the item. Consists of the Item Identification Data Area & the Location Data Area. |
0040-781x T@W In this example, an ISSN is the Item Identification, and T@W is the library's Symbol. |
2 |
General statement of how complete the library's holdings are. Consists of all Level 1 elements plus the Date of Report Area. Optionally contains a General Holdings Area. |
0040-781x T@W 20020221 OR 0040-781x T@W 20020221 (a,ta,1,5,8) |
3 |
Summary holdings statement recording which volumes a library holds at the highest level of enumeration & chronology. Consists of all Level 2 elements plus the Extent of Holdings Area. Optionally contains a General Holdings Area. |
0040-781x T@W 20020221 v.1-v.56 1923-1979 OR 0040-781x T@W 20020221 v.1-v.56 1923-1979 (a,ta,1,5,8) |
4 |
Detailed holdings statement recording which volumes a library holds at all levels of enumeration & chronology. Consists of all Level 2 elements plus the Extent of Holdings Area. Optionally contains a General Holdings Area. |
0040-781x T@W 20020221 v.1:no.1-v.56:no.52 1923:Mar. 3-1979:Dec. 29 OR 0040-781x T@W 20020221 v.1:no.1-v.56:no.52 1923:Mar. 3-1979:Dec. 29 (a,ta,1,5,8) |
Name | Symbol | Purpose | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
Angle Brackets | < > | Encloses the Specific Extent Note. Always preceded & followed by a blank. | <fire damaged> |
Blank | Indicates the separation of Data Elements within a Data Area. | v.15 <Supplement> | |
Colon | : | Separates hierarchical levels of enumeration and/or chronology. | v.1:pt.1 1923:Mar. 3 |
Comma | , | Indicates a gap in the range of holdings. | v.1,v.3 |
Equal Sign | = | Separates alternative numbering. | v.2:no.5=no.11 |
Forward Slash | / | Indicates combined enumeration or chronology. | v.1/3 |
Hyphen | - | Indicates an unbroken range of holdings or open holdings. | v.1-v.3 |
Parentheses | ( ) | Separates the enumeration & chronology when they are recorded together. | v.1-v.3 (1980-1982) |
Plus Sign | + | Separates the basic & secondary bibliographic units. | v.1+1 disk |
Question Mark | ? | Indicates unknown digits of a date | 200?-2002 |
Quotation Marks | " " | Encloses the Name of Unit. Always preceded & followed by a blank. | "Supplement" |
Semicolon | ; | Indicates a non-gap break. | v.1-v.4;v.6- |
Square Brackets | [ ] | Encloses supplied enumeration or chronology. Always preceded & followed by a blank. | [1981/1982] |
Look at the following holdings records. Then, identify the data areas/data elements and answer the questions. For this set of exercises, the library code is W7L. The answers can be found in the Exercise answer key.
Principles one (Level) and six (Form) are frequently confused with each other. More specifically, the terms "summary vs. detailed" (i.e., levels 3 and 4) and "compressed vs. itemized" are often expressed as something like "summary vs. itemized" or "compressed vs. detailed". In fact these principles, and their respective terms, define two different dimensions for describing a holdings statement:
Summary Level "Highest Level" | Detailed Level "All Levels" | |
Compressed Form "First, Last" | v.1-v.4 | v.1:no.1-v.4:no.12 |
Itemized Form "All Items" | v.1 v.2 v.3 v.4 | v.1:no.1 v.1:no.2 v.1:no.3 v.1:no.4 |
Thus, the holdings statement v.1-v.4 is both summary and compressed, and the holdings statement v.1:no.1 v.1:no.2 v.1:no.3 v.1:no.4 is both detailed and itemized.
For the following holdings records (in the Extent of Holdings Data Area), determine both the form and the level of holdings. The first one has been completed for you as an example.
Holdings record | Level | Form |
---|---|---|
v.1-8(1993-1996) | Summary | Compressed |
v.108:no.1-v.108:no.18 | ||
1990,1995,1996,1997 | ||
1908:Jan. 1908:Feb. 1908:March | ||
v.78(1983)- | ||
Extra challenge: v.22:no.1-v.22:no.6,v.23:no.1, v.23:no.2, v.23:no.3 |
Z39.71 adopts many of the practices of its preceding standards (Z39.42, Z39.44, and Z39.57), and also attempts to adhere to the international standard (ISO 10324). As a result, past practices that were prescribed may be optional in the current standard. This section outlines some of these new options.
An itemized holdings statement lists each part of the unit held. By contrast, a compressed holdings statement lists only the first and the last part in the range of units held. A holdings statement may be itemized, compressed, or a combination of the two.
Enumeration and chronology data may be recorded separately, and with or without parentheses. Or, they may be recorded adjacent to each other. In this case, parentheses must surround the chronology.
Separate: v.1-v.5(1923-1928) or v.1-v.5 1923-1928
Adjacent: v.1(1923)-v.5(1928)
Numbered and unnumbered series are the exception. The series designator and the second-level enumeration are always recorded together. For example, series one volume one to series three volume two would be recorded as: Ser.1:v.1-Ser.3:v.2.
Under the current standard, recording the caption with the enumeration is optional but highly recommended. Thus, volume 1 can be recorded as both v.1 or 1.
When recording a range of holdings, captions can be recorded either at the beginning of the range or repeated throughout the range. Thus volumes 1 through 23 can be recorded as both v.1-23 or v.1-v.23. Captions should always be repeated when needed for clarity.
All caption abbreviations should be done according to AACR2 B, "Abbreviations". If the caption is not listed in Appendix B, then spell it out in full. Thus, supplement is recorded as suppl. but supplemento is recorded as supplemento.
Similarly, if the number has no caption, do not supply it; record only the number.
Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, etc.) may be recorded as either ordinal or cardinal numbers (1, 2, etc.). If ordinal numbers are recorded, the number should be abbreviated according to AACR2 Appendix C, "Numerals".
Library W7L owns one copy of the serial Discover. The ISSN is 0344-8577. The subscription is current, and it began in 1990 with volume 26. The library links its serial holdings to the bibliographic record with the ISSN. Based on this information, code a basic holdings records with the date Jan. 1, 2008:
Library W7L owns two copies of Time magazine. The ISSN is 0444-8731. The paper subscription is held for the current 3 years. The microform subscription began in 1971 and is current. The library links is serial holdings to the bibliographic record with the ISSN. Based on this information, code a basic holdings record for the microform with the date Jan. 1, 2008. The physical form Designator code for microform is hu: